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palmitic acid   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1055

Synonyms: C16:0 | cetylic acid | palmitate
PDB Ligand
Compound class: Metabolite
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 2
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 14
Topological polar surface area 37.3
Molecular weight 256.24
XLogP 7.57
No. Lipinski's rules broken 2

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
InChI Key IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
Transporters Moving this Compound Across a Lipid Membrane
Transporter EC number Reaction Reference
Fatty acid transport protein 1 2,8
Fatty acid transport protein 4 2,9
Fatty acid transport protein 6 2
Selectivity at GPCRs
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
FFA1 receptor Hs Agonist Full agonist 3.8 – 5.3 pEC50 - 1,3-4
⤷ pEC50 3.8 – 5.3 [1,3-4]
Additional information and targets (data relate to human unless otherwise stated)
Description Data Reference
Endogenous substrates at Fatty acid transport protein 4 palmitic acid > oleic acid > butyric acid, γ-linolenic acid > arachidonic acid 9
Endogenous substrates at Fatty acid transport protein 4 palmitic acid , oleic acid > γ-linolenic acid > octanoic acid 2
Endogenous substrates at Fatty acid transport protein 6 palmitic acid > oleic acid > γ-linolenic acid > octanoic acid 2
Endogenous substrates at Fatty acid transport protein 1 arachidonic acid > palmitic acid > oleic acid > butyric acid 8
Endogenous substrates at Fatty acid transport protein 1 palmitic acid > oleic acid > γ-linolenic acid > octanoic acid 2
Rank order of potency at fatty acid binding protein 1 stearic acid, oleic acid > palmitic acid, linoleic acid > arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid 6
Rank order of potency at fatty acid binding protein 2 stearic acid > palmitic acid,oleic acid > linoleic acid > arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid 6
Rank order of potency at fatty acid binding protein 3 stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid > linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 6
Rank order of potency at fatty acid binding protein 4 oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid > α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 6
Rank order of potency at retinol binding protein 2 stearic acid > palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 7
Rank order of potency at cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 tretinoin > alitretinoin
stearic acid > palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 		7
Targets where the ligand is described in the comment field
Target Comment
CYP4V2 Converts myristic acid to 14-hydroxymyristate, lauric acid to 12-hydroxylaurate, and palmitic acid to 16-hydroxypalmitate [5].
Ligand mentioned in the following text fields
Free fatty acid receptors overview